fix(icon): make svg filters work in Safari/Firefox

[MikaAK]

SVG filters do not work in Safari/FF because of paths in url needing to be updated to current path
This fixes #9276
WIP

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[googlebot]

CLAs look good, thanks!

[crisbeto]

This needs unit tests as well. Also using a regex for this seems a little brittle. cc @jelbourn

[crisbeto]

This seems very inefficient since it's asking the browser to parse the HTML once and then re-parse it once the URLs are updated. Since you're using a regex anyway, why not do it before the element is even created?

[MikaAK]

Regex does seem a bit brittle I agree. I'll admit I didn't read through the code at all, so I probably could of found a better spot. When I get a few minutes somehow I'll read the code and find a better spot for this!

[ngbot]

Hi @MikaAK! This PR has merge conflicts due to recent upstream merges.
Please help to unblock it by resolving these conflicts. Thanks!

[MikaAK]

Fixed by #12428

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