feat(drag-drop): add API to get/set current position of a standalone draggable

[crisbeto]

Adds an API that allows the consumer to get the current position of a standalone draggable and to set it. This is useful for cases where the dragged position should be preserved when the user navigates away and then restored when they return.

Fixes #14420.
Fixes #14674.

[crisbeto]

The feedback has been addressed @jelbourn.

[ngbot]

Hi @crisbeto! This PR has merge conflicts due to recent upstream merges.
Please help to unblock it by resolving these conflicts. Thanks!

[fabianberrutti]

Hi @jelbourn @crisbeto
When could it be working?

[draggie]

Really waiting to get this feature!

[jelbourn]

LGTM

[bogusweb]

any update?

[patters-code]

Hi, I have been watching for this change to be released since January, I know this is targeting a minor release rather than a patch release but I cannot find any indication or timetable for when the next minor release might be.

Is there a public facing plan or schedule somewhere or some indication of what needs to be completed before the next minor release (or release that this will be included in)?

[pradt]

I'm really grateful for this feature, I've run into this problem and looking forward to seeing this solution. Is there any update as to when this will be available ?

[molayodecker]

A branch-manger issue is blocking merging @jelbourn @devversion. Can this be fixed so that this PR can be merged

[ngbot]

I see that you just added the pr: merge ready label, but the following checks are still failing:
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[Jigar3195]

When guys you plan to release get/set position fixes, we are waiting for it.

[MDzyga]

@crisbeto @jelbourn
I saw that you add method getFreeDragPosition and it's working but set new position doesn't work (nothing happened).

[crisbeto]

@MDzyga can you post an example of what you're doing? Also it would be better to open an issue.

[MDzyga]

@crisbeto I opened issue with some details #15765

[matze1234]

@MDzyga ist right, setting the position doesn't work. I've tried setting the freeDragPosition object and called change detection afterwards, but nothing happens :(

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