feat(material/dialog): add support for explicit injector

[arturovt]

Dialog components can be loaded asynchronously through the dynamic import, and they might be declared in the module that lives in the same file. The component might depend on the providers declared in this module. Currently, the MatDialog does not allow providing a custom injector. It only allows to pass the viewContainerRef and takes its injector if provided.

The real use case from our app:

export class SomeComponent {
  constructor(private dialog: MatDialog, private injector: Injector) {}

  openDialog(): void {
    import('./dialog').then((m) => {
      const ngModuleRef = createNgModuleRef(
        m.DialogModule,
        this.injector
      );
      this.dialog.open(m.DialogComponent, {
        injector: ngModuleRef.injector,
      });
    });
  }
}

[devversion]

Thanks for the PR. This needs some more discussion, but overall the use-case seems reasonable to me.

[devversion]

LGTM overall, just a few minor comments. Still wanting feedback from others though.

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