Improved Expect: 100-continue response handling in the URL connection client.

.changes/next-release/bugfix-URLConnectionHTTPClient-5e986d3.json

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+    "category": "URL Connection HTTP Client", 
+    "contributor": "", 
+    "type": "bugfix", 
+    "description": "Fix \"java.net.ProtocolException: Server rejected operation\" when the HTTP response has no response content. If the response includes content, update the exception message to say that the Apache HTTP client may fix the problem."
+}

http-clients/url-connection-client/pom.xml

@@ -89,6 +89,39 @@
             <version>${awsjavasdk.version}</version>
             <scope>test</scope>
         </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>software.amazon.awssdk</groupId>
+            <artifactId>test-utils</artifactId>
+            <version>${awsjavasdk.version}</version>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
+            <artifactId>log4j-api</artifactId>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
+            <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
+            <artifactId>log4j-slf4j-impl</artifactId>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
+            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
+            <version>3.1.0</version>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId>
+            <artifactId>jetty-server</artifactId>
+            <version>9.2.24.v20180105</version>
+            <scope>test</scope>
+        </dependency>
     </dependencies>
 
     <build>

http-clients/url-connection-client/src/main/java/software/amazon/awssdk/http/urlconnection/UrlConnectionHttpClient.java

@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.io.UncheckedIOException;
 import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
 import java.net.URI;
 import java.security.KeyManagementException;
@@ -31,6 +33,9 @@
 import java.time.Duration;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 import javax.net.ssl.HostnameVerifier;
 import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
@@ -42,6 +47,7 @@
 import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
 import software.amazon.awssdk.annotations.SdkPublicApi;
 import software.amazon.awssdk.http.AbortableInputStream;
+import software.amazon.awssdk.http.ContentStreamProvider;
 import software.amazon.awssdk.http.ExecutableHttpRequest;
 import software.amazon.awssdk.http.HttpExecuteRequest;
 import software.amazon.awssdk.http.HttpExecuteResponse;
@@ -195,10 +201,20 @@ private SSLContext getSslContext(AttributeMap options) {
     }
 
     private static class RequestCallable implements ExecutableHttpRequest {
-
         private final HttpURLConnection connection;
         private final HttpExecuteRequest request;
 
+        /**
+         * Whether we encountered the 'bug' in the way the HttpURLConnection handles 'Expect: 100-continue' cases. See
+         * {@link #getAndHandle100Bug} for more information.
+         */
+        private boolean expect100BugEncountered = false;
+
+        /**
+         * Result cache for {@link #responseHasNoContent()}.
+         */
+        private Boolean responseHasNoContent;
+
         private RequestCallable(HttpURLConnection connection, HttpExecuteRequest request) {
             this.connection = connection;
             this.request = request;
@@ -208,14 +224,19 @@ private RequestCallable(HttpURLConnection connection, HttpExecuteRequest request
         public HttpExecuteResponse call() throws IOException {
             connection.connect();
 
-            request.contentStreamProvider().ifPresent(provider ->
-                    invokeSafely(() -> IoUtils.copy(provider.newStream(), connection.getOutputStream())));
+            Optional<ContentStreamProvider> requestContent = request.contentStreamProvider();
+
+            if (requestContent.isPresent()) {
+                Optional<OutputStream> outputStream = tryGetOutputStream();
+                if (outputStream.isPresent()) {
+                    IoUtils.copy(requestContent.get().newStream(), outputStream.get());
+                }
+            }
 
             int responseCode = getResponseCodeSafely(connection);
             boolean isErrorResponse = HttpStatusFamily.of(responseCode).isOneOf(CLIENT_ERROR, SERVER_ERROR);
-            InputStream content = !isErrorResponse ? connection.getInputStream() : connection.getErrorStream();
-            AbortableInputStream responseBody = content != null ?
-                                                AbortableInputStream.create(content) : null;
+            Optional<InputStream> responseContent = isErrorResponse ? tryGetErrorStream() : tryGetInputStream();
+            AbortableInputStream responseBody = responseContent.map(AbortableInputStream::create).orElse(null);
 
             return HttpExecuteResponse.builder()
                                       .response(SdkHttpResponse.builder()
@@ -228,6 +249,93 @@ public HttpExecuteResponse call() throws IOException {
                                       .build();
         }
 
+        private Optional<OutputStream> tryGetOutputStream() {
+            return getAndHandle100Bug(() -> invokeSafely(connection::getOutputStream), false);
+        }
+
+        private Optional<InputStream> tryGetInputStream() {
+            return getAndHandle100Bug(() -> invokeSafely(connection::getInputStream), true);
+        }
+
+        private Optional<InputStream> tryGetErrorStream() {
+            InputStream result = invokeSafely(connection::getErrorStream);
+            if (result == null && expect100BugEncountered) {
+                log.debug(() -> "The response payload has been dropped because of a limitation of the JDK's URL Connection "
+                                + "HTTP client, resulting in a less descriptive SDK exception error message. Using "
+                                + "the Apache HTTP client removes this limitation.");
+            }
+            return Optional.ofNullable(result);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * This handles a bug in {@link HttpURLConnection#getOutputStream()} and {@link HttpURLConnection#getInputStream()}
+         * where these methods will throw a ProtocolException if we sent an "Expect: 100-continue" header, and the
+         * service responds with something other than a 100.
+         *
+         * HttpUrlConnection still gives us access to the response code and headers when this bug is encountered, so our
+         * handling of the bug is:
+         * <ol>
+         *     <li>If the service returned a response status or content length that indicates there was no response payload,
+         *     we ignore that we couldn't read the response payload, and just return the response with what we have.</li>
+         *     <li>If the service returned a payload and we can't read it because of the bug, we throw an exception for
+         *     non-failure cases (2xx, 3xx) or log and return the response without the payload for failure cases (4xx or 5xx)
+         *     .</li>
+         * </ol>
+         */
+        private <T> Optional<T> getAndHandle100Bug(Supplier<T> supplier, boolean failOn100Bug) {
+            try {
+                return Optional.ofNullable(supplier.get());
+            } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+                if (!exceptionCausedBy100HandlingBug(e)) {
+                    throw e;
+                }
+
+                if (responseHasNoContent()) {
+                    return Optional.empty();
+                }
+
+                expect100BugEncountered = true;
+
+                if (!failOn100Bug) {
+                    return Optional.empty();
+                }
+
+                int responseCode = invokeSafely(connection::getResponseCode);
+                String message = "Unable to read response payload, because service returned response code "
+                                 + responseCode + " to an Expect: 100-continue request. Using another HTTP client "
+                                 + "implementation (e.g. Apache) removes this limitation.";
+                throw new UncheckedIOException(new IOException(message, e));
+            }
+        }
+
+        private boolean exceptionCausedBy100HandlingBug(RuntimeException e) {
+            return requestWasExpect100Continue() &&
+                   e.getMessage() != null &&
+                   e.getMessage().startsWith("java.net.ProtocolException: Server rejected operation");
+        }
+
+        private Boolean requestWasExpect100Continue() {
+            return request.httpRequest()
+                          .firstMatchingHeader("Expect")
+                          .map(expect -> expect.equalsIgnoreCase("100-continue"))
+                          .orElse(false);
+        }
+
+        private boolean responseHasNoContent() {
+            // We cannot account for chunked encoded responses, because we only have access to headers and response code here,
+            // so we assume chunked encoded responses DO have content.
+            if (responseHasNoContent == null) {
+                responseHasNoContent = responseNeverHasPayload(invokeSafely(connection::getResponseCode)) ||
+                                       Objects.equals(connection.getHeaderField("Content-Length"), "0") ||
+                                       Objects.equals(connection.getRequestMethod(), "HEAD");
+            }
+            return responseHasNoContent;
+        }
+
+        private boolean responseNeverHasPayload(int responseCode) {
+            return responseCode == 204 || responseCode == 304 || (responseCode >= 100 && responseCode < 200);
+        }
+
         /**
          * {@link sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection#getInputStream0()} has been observed to intermittently throw
          * {@link NullPointerException}s for reasons that still require further investigation, but are assumed to be due to a