zod-from-json-schema

A library that creates Zod types from JSON Schema at runtime. This is in contrast to json-schema-to-zod, which generates JavaScript source code.

Installation

npm install zod-from-json-schema

Zod 3 vs 4

• If you need Zod 4, use the latest version of this package.
• If you need Zod 3, use the latest version that's less than 0.4.0 (at the of writing that's 0.0.5). It supports a smaller subsets of JSON Schema.

Usage

This package supports both ESM and CommonJS formats.

ESM (ES Modules)

import { convertJsonSchemaToZod } from 'zod-from-json-schema';

// Define a JSON Schema with advanced features
const jsonSchema = {
  $schema: "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  type: "object",
  properties: {
    name: { type: "string", minLength: 2, maxLength: 50 },
    age: { type: "integer", minimum: 0, maximum: 120 },
    email: { type: "string", pattern: "^[a-zA-Z0-9._%+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+\\.[a-zA-Z]{2,}$" },
    tags: {
      type: "array",
      items: { type: "string" },
      uniqueItems: true,
      minItems: 1,
      maxItems: 10,
      contains: { enum: ["user", "admin", "guest"] }
    },
    coordinates: {
      type: "array",
      prefixItems: [
        { type: "number", minimum: -90, maximum: 90 },   // latitude
        { type: "number", minimum: -180, maximum: 180 }  // longitude
      ],
      items: false  // No additional items allowed
    },
    score: { type: "number", multipleOf: 0.5, minimum: 0, maximum: 100 }
  },
  required: ["name", "email"],
  additionalProperties: false,
  minProperties: 2,
  maxProperties: 10
};

// Convert JSON Schema to Zod schema
const zodSchema = convertJsonSchemaToZod(jsonSchema);

// Use the Zod schema to validate data
try {
  const validData = zodSchema.parse({
    name: "John Doe",
    email: "[email protected]",
    age: 30,
    tags: ["user", "premium", "admin"],  // Contains required "admin" role
    coordinates: [37.7749, -122.4194],   // San Francisco lat/lng
    score: 87.5  // Multiple of 0.5
  });
  console.log("Valid data:", validData);
} catch (error) {
  console.error("Validation error:", error);
}

CommonJS

const { convertJsonSchemaToZod } = require('zod-from-json-schema');

// Define a JSON Schema
const jsonSchema = {
  $schema: "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  type: "object",
  properties: {
    name: { type: "string", minLength: 2, maxLength: 50 },
    age: { type: "integer", minimum: 0, maximum: 120 },
    hobbies: {
      type: "array",
      items: { type: "string" },
      minItems: 1,
      maxItems: 5
    }
  },
  required: ["name"],
  additionalProperties: false,
  minProperties: 1
};

// Convert JSON Schema to Zod schema
const zodSchema = convertJsonSchemaToZod(jsonSchema);

// Use the Zod schema to validate data
try {
  const validData = zodSchema.parse({
    name: "John Doe",
    age: 30,
    hobbies: ["reading", "coding", "gaming"]
  });
  console.log("Valid data:", validData);
} catch (error) {
  console.error("Validation error:", error);
}

API Reference

convertJsonSchemaToZod(schema)

Converts a JSON Schema object to a complete Zod schema.

• Parameters:
  • schema (Object): A JSON Schema object
• Returns:
  • A Zod schema that validates according to the JSON Schema

jsonSchemaObjectToZodRawShape(schema)

Extracts the object properties from a JSON Schema object into a Zod raw shape. This is useful when you want to combine the properties with other Zod object configurations.

• Parameters:
  • schema (Object): A JSON Schema object that should have a properties field
• Returns:
  • A ZodRawShape object that can be used with z.object()

Example:

import { jsonSchemaObjectToZodRawShape } from 'zod-from-json-schema';
import { z } from 'zod';

const jsonSchema = {
  properties: {
    name: { type: "string" },
    age: { type: "integer" }
  },
  required: ["name"]
};

// Get just the property definitions
const rawShape = jsonSchemaObjectToZodRawShape(jsonSchema);

// Add custom handling
const customSchema = z.object({
  ...rawShape,
  // Add additional fields not in the JSON Schema
  createdAt: z.date().default(() => new Date())
}).refine(data => data.age > 18, {
  message: "Age must be over 18 to continue"
});

Supported JSON Schema Features

This library provides comprehensive support for JSON Schema Draft 2020-12 features with 100% code coverage and extensive test validation against the official JSON Schema Test Suite.

Basic Types

• string - Basic string validation
• number - Numeric values (including integers)
• integer - Integer-only numeric values
• boolean - Boolean true/false values
• null - Null values
• object - Object validation with property definitions
• array - Array validation with item constraints

String Validations

• minLength - Minimum string length (Unicode grapheme-aware)
• maxLength - Maximum string length (Unicode grapheme-aware)
• pattern - Regular expression pattern matching

Unicode Support: String length validation correctly counts Unicode grapheme clusters (user-perceived characters) rather than UTF-16 code units, ensuring proper validation of emoji and international text.

Number Validations

• minimum - Minimum numeric value
• maximum - Maximum numeric value
• exclusiveMinimum - Exclusive minimum (greater than)
• exclusiveMaximum - Exclusive maximum (less than)
• multipleOf - Multiple validation with floating-point precision handling

Array Validations

• items - Item schema validation (supports schemas, boolean values, and arrays)
• prefixItems - Tuple-style positional item validation (Draft 2020-12)
• minItems - Minimum array length
• maxItems - Maximum array length
• uniqueItems - Ensures all array items are unique
• contains - Validates that array contains items matching a schema
• minContains - Minimum number of items matching the contains schema
• maxContains - Maximum number of items matching the contains schema

Advanced Array Features:

• Boolean items schemas (items: false = empty arrays only, items: true = any items allowed)
• Complex tuple validation with prefixItems and additional items control
• Sophisticated contains validation with count constraints

Object Validations

• properties - Property schema definitions
• required - Required property validation (supports special JavaScript property names)
• additionalProperties - Controls whether additional properties are allowed
• minProperties - Minimum number of object properties
• maxProperties - Maximum number of object properties

Special Property Support: Correctly handles JavaScript reserved property names like constructor, toString, and __proto__.

Schema Composition

• const - Literal value constraints
• enum - Enumerated value validation
• anyOf - Union type validation (basic cases)
• allOf - Intersection validation (basic cases)
• oneOf - Exclusive union validation (exactly one schema must match)
• not - Negation validation

Additional Features

• title - Schema titles (carried over to Zod schemas)
• description - Schema descriptions (carried over to Zod schemas)
• Boolean schemas (true = allow anything, false = allow nothing)
• Implicit type detection from constraints
• Comprehensive error messages

Currently Unsupported Features

The following JSON Schema features are not yet implemented:

References and Definitions

• $ref - JSON Pointer references (basic Zod v4 support exists but complex cases fail)
• $defs / definitions - Schema definitions for reuse
• Remote references ($id resolution)
• $dynamicRef / $dynamicAnchor - Dynamic references

Advanced Object Validation

• patternProperties - Property validation based on regex patterns
• additionalProperties - Fine-grained control over additional properties (basic support exists)
• dependentSchemas - Schema dependencies based on property presence
• dependentRequired - Required properties based on other property presence
• propertyNames - Validation of property names themselves
• unevaluatedProperties - Properties not covered by schema evaluation

Advanced Array Validation

• unevaluatedItems - Items not covered by schema evaluation
• Complex prefixItems scenarios with additional item control

Conditional Schemas

• if / then / else - Conditional schema application

Meta-Schema Features

• Custom vocabularies and meta-schema validation
• Annotation collection and processing

Standards Compliance

• JSON Schema Draft 2020-12 - Partial support for core features of the latest JSON Schema standard
• Official Test Suite - Passes the majority of tests from the official JSON Schema Test Suite (246 tests currently skipped for unsupported features)

License

MIT