[SYCL][CUDA] Add tests for asynchronous barrier

[t4c1]

Adds tests for intel/llvm#5303

[steffenlarsen]

The tests look good. I've added some small comments.

One concern is that the the interface test case includes a lot in a single kernel. If that test fails it may be hard to determine which part of the test caused the failure. Would it make sense to either split it up or save and validate intermediate results to help isolate the failing operations?

[t4c1]

I can split the test into multiple kernels, but a large amount of code (more or less the whole basic test) would need to be duplicated in each test.

[steffenlarsen]

I can split the test into multiple kernels, but a large amount of code (more or less the whole basic test) would need to be duplicated in each test.

Is there no good way of reducing common code for the cases? If it isn't worth it, I am okay with keeping the test as-is.

[t4c1]

I think at best I can reduce the amount of code duplication (but not eliminate it) at cost of making the code a bit harder to read. I would prefer to leave this as is, as it is unlikely that implementation of something changes in a way that would break semantics but not interface.