[libc][math][c23] Add exp2m1f C23 math function

libc/config/linux/x86_64/entrypoints.txt

@@ -370,6 +370,7 @@ set(TARGET_LIBM_ENTRYPOINTS
     libc.src.math.exp10f
     libc.src.math.exp2
     libc.src.math.exp2f
+    libc.src.math.exp2m1f
     libc.src.math.expm1
     libc.src.math.expm1f
     libc.src.math.fabs

libc/docs/math/index.rst

@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ Higher Math Functions
 +-----------+------------------+-----------------+------------------------+----------------------+------------------------+------------------------+----------------------------+
 | exp2      | |check|          | |check|         |                        |                      |                        | 7.12.6.4               | F.10.3.4                   |
 +-----------+------------------+-----------------+------------------------+----------------------+------------------------+------------------------+----------------------------+
-| exp2m1    |                  |                 |                        |                      |                        | 7.12.6.5               | F.10.3.5                   |
+| exp2m1    | |check|          |                 |                        |                      |                        | 7.12.6.5               | F.10.3.5                   |
 +-----------+------------------+-----------------+------------------------+----------------------+------------------------+------------------------+----------------------------+
 | expm1     | |check|          | |check|         |                        |                      |                        | 7.12.6.6               | F.10.3.6                   |
 +-----------+------------------+-----------------+------------------------+----------------------+------------------------+------------------------+----------------------------+

libc/spec/stdc.td

@@ -535,6 +535,8 @@ def StdC : StandardSpec<"stdc"> {
           FunctionSpec<"exp2", RetValSpec<DoubleType>, [ArgSpec<DoubleType>]>,
           FunctionSpec<"exp2f", RetValSpec<FloatType>, [ArgSpec<FloatType>]>,
 
+          FunctionSpec<"exp2m1f", RetValSpec<FloatType>, [ArgSpec<FloatType>]>,
+
           FunctionSpec<"expm1", RetValSpec<DoubleType>, [ArgSpec<DoubleType>]>,
           FunctionSpec<"expm1f", RetValSpec<FloatType>, [ArgSpec<FloatType>]>,
 

libc/src/math/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -88,6 +88,8 @@ add_math_entrypoint_object(expf)
 add_math_entrypoint_object(exp2)
 add_math_entrypoint_object(exp2f)
 
+add_math_entrypoint_object(exp2m1f)
+
 add_math_entrypoint_object(exp10)
 add_math_entrypoint_object(exp10f)
 

libc/src/math/exp2m1f.h

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//===-- Implementation header for exp2m1f -----------------------*- C++ -*-===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#ifndef LLVM_LIBC_SRC_MATH_EXP2M1F_H
+#define LLVM_LIBC_SRC_MATH_EXP2M1F_H
+
+namespace LIBC_NAMESPACE {
+
+float exp2m1f(float x);
+
+} // namespace LIBC_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif // LLVM_LIBC_SRC_MATH_EXP2M1F_H

libc/src/math/generic/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -837,6 +837,27 @@ add_entrypoint_object(
     -O3
 )
 
+add_entrypoint_object(
+  exp2m1f
+  SRCS
+    exp2m1f.cpp
+  HDRS
+    ../exp2m1f.h
+  DEPENDS
+    .explogxf
+    libc.src.errno.errno
+    libc.src.__support.common
+    libc.src.__support.FPUtil.fenv_impl
+    libc.src.__support.FPUtil.fp_bits
+    libc.src.__support.FPUtil.multiply_add
+    libc.src.__support.FPUtil.polyeval
+    libc.src.__support.FPUtil.rounding_mode
+    libc.src.__support.macros.optimization
+    libc.src.__support.macros.properties.cpu_features
+  COMPILE_OPTIONS
+    -O3
+)
+
 add_entrypoint_object(
   exp10
   SRCS

libc/src/math/generic/exp2m1f.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+//===-- Implementation of exp2m1f function --------------------------------===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "src/math/exp2m1f.h"
+#include "src/__support/FPUtil/FEnvImpl.h"
+#include "src/__support/FPUtil/FPBits.h"
+#include "src/__support/FPUtil/PolyEval.h"
+#include "src/__support/FPUtil/except_value_utils.h"
+#include "src/__support/FPUtil/multiply_add.h"
+#include "src/__support/FPUtil/rounding_mode.h"
+#include "src/__support/common.h"
+#include "src/__support/macros/optimization.h"
+#include "src/__support/macros/properties/cpu_features.h"
+#include "src/errno/libc_errno.h"
+
+#include "explogxf.h"
+
+namespace LIBC_NAMESPACE {
+
+static constexpr size_t N_EXCEPTS_LO = 8;
+
+static constexpr fputil::ExceptValues<float, N_EXCEPTS_LO> EXP2M1F_EXCEPTS_LO =
+    {{
+        // (input, RZ output, RU offset, RD offset, RN offset)
+        // x = 0x1.36dc8ep-36, exp2m1f(x) = 0x1.aef212p-37 (RZ)
+        {0x2d9b'6e47U, 0x2d57'7909U, 1U, 0U, 0U},
+        // x = 0x1.224936p-19, exp2m1f(x) = 0x1.926c0ep-20 (RZ)
+        {0x3611'249bU, 0x35c9'3607U, 1U, 0U, 1U},
+        // x = 0x1.d16d2p-20, exp2m1f(x) = 0x1.429becp-20 (RZ)
+        {0x35e8'b690U, 0x35a1'4df6U, 1U, 0U, 1U},
+        // x = 0x1.17949ep-14, exp2m1f(x) = 0x1.8397p-15 (RZ)
+        {0x388b'ca4fU, 0x3841'cb80U, 1U, 0U, 1U},
+        // x = -0x1.9c3e1ep-38, exp2m1f(x) = -0x1.1dbeacp-38 (RZ)
+        {0xacce'1f0fU, 0xac8e'df56U, 0U, 1U, 0U},
+        // x = -0x1.4d89b4p-32, exp2m1f(x) = -0x1.ce61b6p-33 (RZ)
+        {0xafa6'c4daU, 0xaf67'30dbU, 0U, 1U, 1U},
+        // x = -0x1.a6eac4p-10, exp2m1f(x) = -0x1.24fadap-10 (RZ)
+        {0xbad3'7562U, 0xba92'7d6dU, 0U, 1U, 1U},
+        // x = -0x1.e7526ep-6, exp2m1f(x) = -0x1.4e53dep-6 (RZ)
+        {0xbcf3'a937U, 0xbca7'29efU, 0U, 1U, 1U},
+    }};
+
+static constexpr size_t N_EXCEPTS_HI = 3;
+
+static constexpr fputil::ExceptValues<float, N_EXCEPTS_HI> EXP2M1F_EXCEPTS_HI =
+    {{
+        // (input, RZ output, RU offset, RD offset, RN offset)
+        // x = 0x1.16a972p-1, exp2m1f(x) = 0x1.d545b2p-2 (RZ)
+        {0x3f0b'54b9U, 0x3eea'a2d9U, 1U, 0U, 0U},
+        // x = -0x1.9f12acp-5, exp2m1f(x) = -0x1.1ab68cp-5 (RZ)
+        {0xbd4f'8956U, 0xbd0d'5b46U, 0U, 1U, 0U},
+        // x = -0x1.de7b9cp-5, exp2m1f(x) = -0x1.4508f4p-5 (RZ)
+        {0xbd6f'3dceU, 0xbd22'847aU, 0U, 1U, 1U},
+    }};
+
+LLVM_LIBC_FUNCTION(float, exp2m1f, (float x)) {
+  using FPBits = fputil::FPBits<float>;
+  FPBits xbits(x);
+
+  uint32_t x_u = xbits.uintval();
+  uint32_t x_abs = x_u & 0x7fff'ffffU;
+
+  // When |x| >= 128, or x is nan, or |x| <= 2^-5
+  if (LIBC_UNLIKELY(x_abs >= 0x4300'0000U || x_abs <= 0x3d00'0000U)) {
+    // |x| <= 2^-5
+    if (x_abs <= 0x3d00'0000U) {
+      if (auto r = EXP2M1F_EXCEPTS_LO.lookup(x_u); LIBC_UNLIKELY(r.has_value()))
+        return r.value();
+
+      // Minimax polynomial generated by Sollya with:
+      // > display = hexadecimal;
+      // > fpminimax((2^x - 1)/x, 5, [|D...|], [-2^-5, 2^-5]);
+      constexpr double COEFFS[] = {
+          0x1.62e42fefa39f3p-1, 0x1.ebfbdff82c57bp-3,  0x1.c6b08d6f2d7aap-5,
+          0x1.3b2ab6fc92f5dp-7, 0x1.5d897cfe27125p-10, 0x1.43090e61e6af1p-13};
+      double xd = x;
+      double xsq = xd * xd;
+      double c0 = fputil::multiply_add(xd, COEFFS[1], COEFFS[0]);
+      double c1 = fputil::multiply_add(xd, COEFFS[3], COEFFS[2]);
+      double c2 = fputil::multiply_add(xd, COEFFS[5], COEFFS[4]);
+      double p = fputil::polyeval(xsq, c0, c1, c2);
+      return static_cast<float>(p * xd);
+    }
+
+    // x >= 128, or x is nan
+    if (xbits.is_pos()) {
+      if (xbits.is_finite()) {
+        int rounding = fputil::quick_get_round();
+        if (rounding == FE_DOWNWARD || rounding == FE_TOWARDZERO)
+          return FPBits::max_normal().get_val();
+
+        fputil::set_errno_if_required(ERANGE);
+        fputil::raise_except_if_required(FE_OVERFLOW);
+      }
+
+      // x >= 128 and 2^x - 1 rounds to +inf, or x is +inf or nan
+      return x + FPBits::inf().get_val();
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (LIBC_UNLIKELY(x <= -25.0f)) {
+    // 2^(-inf) - 1 = -1
+    if (xbits.is_inf())
+      return -1.0f;
+    // 2^nan - 1 = nan
+    if (xbits.is_nan())
+      return x;
+
+    int rounding = fputil::quick_get_round();
+    if (rounding == FE_UPWARD || rounding == FE_TOWARDZERO)
+      return -0x1.ffff'fep-1f; // -1.0f + 0x1.0p-24f
+
+    fputil::set_errno_if_required(ERANGE);
+    fputil::raise_except_if_required(FE_UNDERFLOW);
+    return -1.0f;
+  }
+
+  if (auto r = EXP2M1F_EXCEPTS_HI.lookup(x_u); LIBC_UNLIKELY(r.has_value()))
+    return r.value();
+
+  // For -25 < x < 128, to compute 2^x, we perform the following range
+  // reduction: find hi, mid, lo such that:
+  //   x = hi + mid + lo, in which:
+  //     hi is an integer,
+  //     0 <= mid * 2^5 < 32 is an integer,
+  //     -2^(-6) <= lo <= 2^(-6).
+  // In particular,
+  //   hi + mid = round(x * 2^5) * 2^(-5).
+  // Then,
+  //   2^x = 2^(hi + mid + lo) = 2^hi * 2^mid * 2^lo.
+  // 2^mid is stored in the lookup table of 32 elements.
+  // 2^lo is computed using a degree-4 minimax polynomial generated by Sollya.
+  // We perform 2^hi * 2^mid by simply add hi to the exponent field of 2^mid.
+
+  // kf = (hi + mid) * 2^5 = round(x * 2^5)
+  float kf;
+  int k;
+#ifdef LIBC_TARGET_CPU_HAS_NEAREST_INT
+  kf = fputil::nearest_integer(x * 32.0f);
+  k = static_cast<int>(kf);
+#else
+  constexpr float HALF[2] = {0.5f, -0.5f};
+  k = static_cast<int>(fputil::multiply_add(x, 32.0f, HALF[x < 0.0f]));
+  kf = static_cast<float>(k);
+#endif // LIBC_TARGET_CPU_HAS_NEAREST_INT
+
+  // lo = x - (hi + mid) = x - kf * 2^(-5)
+  double lo = fputil::multiply_add(-0x1.0p-5f, kf, x);
+
+  // hi = floor(kf * 2^(-4))
+  // exp2_hi = shift hi to the exponent field of double precision.
+  int64_t exp2_hi =
+      static_cast<int64_t>(static_cast<uint64_t>(k >> ExpBase::MID_BITS)
+                           << fputil::FPBits<double>::FRACTION_LEN);
+  // mh = 2^hi * 2^mid
+  // mh_bits = bit field of mh
+  int64_t mh_bits = ExpBase::EXP_2_MID[k & ExpBase::MID_MASK] + exp2_hi;
+  double mh = fputil::FPBits<double>(static_cast<uint64_t>(mh_bits)).get_val();
+
+  // Degree-4 polynomial approximating (2^x - 1)/x generated by Sollya with:
+  // > display = hexadecimal;
+  // > fpminimax((2^x - 1)/x, 4, [|D...|], [-2^-6, 2^-6]);
+  constexpr double COEFFS[5] = {0x1.62e42fefa39efp-1, 0x1.ebfbdff8131c4p-3,
+                                0x1.c6b08d7061695p-5, 0x1.3b2b1bee74b2ap-7,
+                                0x1.5d88091198529p-10};
+  double lo_sq = lo * lo;
+  double c1 = fputil::multiply_add(lo, COEFFS[0], 1.0);
+  double c2 = fputil::multiply_add(lo, COEFFS[2], COEFFS[1]);
+  double c3 = fputil::multiply_add(lo, COEFFS[4], COEFFS[3]);
+  double exp2_lo = fputil::polyeval(lo_sq, c1, c2, c3);
+  // 2^x - 1 = 2^(hi + mid + lo) - 1
+  //         = 2^(hi + mid) * 2^lo - 1
+  //         ~ mh * (1 + lo * P(lo)) - 1
+  //         = mh * exp2_lo - 1
+  return static_cast<float>(fputil::multiply_add(exp2_lo, mh, -1.0));
+}
+
+} // namespace LIBC_NAMESPACE

libc/test/src/math/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -637,6 +637,21 @@ add_fp_unittest(
    libc.src.__support.FPUtil.fp_bits
 )
 
+add_fp_unittest(
+  exp2m1f_test
+  NEED_MPFR
+  SUITE
+    libc-math-unittests
+  SRCS
+    exp2m1f_test.cpp
+  DEPENDS
+    libc.include.llvm-libc-macros.math_macros
+    libc.src.errno.errno
+    libc.src.math.exp2m1f
+    libc.src.__support.CPP.array
+    libc.src.__support.FPUtil.fp_bits
+)
+
 add_fp_unittest(
   exp10f_test
   NEED_MPFR

libc/test/src/math/exhaustive/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -142,6 +142,21 @@ add_fp_unittest(
     -lpthread
 )
 
+add_fp_unittest(
+  exp2m1f_test
+  NO_RUN_POSTBUILD
+  NEED_MPFR
+  SUITE
+    libc_math_exhaustive_tests
+  SRCS
+    exp2m1f_test.cpp
+  DEPENDS
+    .exhaustive_test
+    libc.src.math.exp2m1f
+  LINK_LIBRARIES
+    -lpthread
+)
+
 add_fp_unittest(
   exp10f_test
   NO_RUN_POSTBUILD

libc/test/src/math/exhaustive/exp2m1f_test.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+//===-- Exhaustive test for exp2m1f ---------------------------------------===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "exhaustive_test.h"
+#include "src/math/exp2m1f.h"
+#include "utils/MPFRWrapper/MPFRUtils.h"
+
+namespace mpfr = LIBC_NAMESPACE::testing::mpfr;
+
+using LlvmLibcExp2m1fExhaustiveTest =
+    LlvmLibcUnaryOpExhaustiveMathTest<float, mpfr::Operation::Exp2m1,
+                                      LIBC_NAMESPACE::exp2m1f>;
+
+// Range: [0, Inf];
+static constexpr uint32_t POS_START = 0x0000'0000U;
+static constexpr uint32_t POS_STOP = 0x7f80'0000U;
+
+TEST_F(LlvmLibcExp2m1fExhaustiveTest, PostiveRange) {
+  test_full_range_all_roundings(POS_START, POS_STOP);
+}
+
+// Range: [-Inf, 0];
+static constexpr uint32_t NEG_START = 0x8000'0000U;
+static constexpr uint32_t NEG_STOP = 0xff80'0000U;
+
+TEST_F(LlvmLibcExp2m1fExhaustiveTest, NegativeRange) {
+  test_full_range_all_roundings(NEG_START, NEG_STOP);
+}