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Fix some spellos, grammos, and term linking problems in the glossary #55

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Fix some spellos, grammos, and term linking problems in the glossary #55

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118 changes: 59 additions & 59 deletions source/reference/glossary.txt
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Expand Up @@ -41,11 +41,11 @@ Glossary

document
A record in a MongoDB collection, and the basic unit of data
in MongoDB. Documents are analogous to JSON object, but exist in
the Database in a more type-rich format known as :term:`BSON`.
in MongoDB. Documents are analogous to JSON objects, but exist in
the database in a more type-rich format known as :term:`BSON`.

field
A name-value pair in a term:`document`. Documents have zero
A name-value pair in a :term:`document <document>`. Documents have zero
or more fields. Fields are analogous to columns in relational
databases.

Expand All @@ -58,17 +58,11 @@ Glossary
collection
A namespace within a database for containing :term:`documents <document>`.
Collections do not enforce a schema, but they are otherwise
mostly analogous to RDBMS tables.

map-reduce
A paradigm from functional programming used to implement aggregation
in a number of popular database servers. MongoDB uses map-reduce
in a command called :dbcommand:`mapReduce` to provide basic
map-reduce style aggregation.
mostly analogous to :term:`RDBMS` tables.

$cmd
A virtual :term:`collection` that exposes :term:`MongoDB`'s
term:`database commands <database command>`.
:term:`database commands <database command>`.

JSON
JavaScript Object Notation. A human-readable, plain text format
Expand All @@ -95,14 +89,13 @@ Glossary
replication and automated failover. MongoDB's recommended
replication strategy.

.. seealso:: :term:`replication`, ":doc:`/replication`" and
":doc:`/core/replication`."
.. seealso:: ":doc:`/replication`" and ":doc:`/core/replication`."

replication
A feature allowing multiple database servers to share the same
data, thereby ensuring redundancy and facilitating load balancing.
MongoDB supports two flavors of replication: master-slave replication
and replica sets
and replica sets.

.. seealso:: :term:`replica set`, :term:`sharding`,
":doc:`/replication`." and ":doc:`/core/replication`."
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -142,16 +135,15 @@ Glossary
cluster`.

mongod
The program implemeting the MongoDB database server. This server
The program implementing the MongoDB database server. This server
typically runs as a :term:`daemon`.

.. seealso:: ":doc:`/reference/mongod`."

mongos
The routing and load balancing process that
acts an interface between an application and
a MongoDB :term:`shard cluster`. See
":doc:`/reference/mongos`" for more information.
a MongoDB :term:`shard cluster`.

.. seealso:: ":doc:`/reference/mongos`."

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -194,8 +186,8 @@ Glossary
capped collection
A fixed-sized :term:`collection <collection>`. Once they reach
their fixed size, capped collections automatically overwrite
their oldest entries. MongoDB's replication mechanism depends on
capped collections, but developers may also use them in their
their oldest entries. MongoDB's :term:`oplog` replication mechanism depends on
capped collections. Developers may also use capped collections in their
applications.

.. seealso:: The ":wiki:`Capped Collections <Capped+Collections>`" wiki page.
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -324,19 +316,19 @@ Glossary
inserts a new document having the fields implied by the
query selector and the update operation.

csv
CSV
A text-based data format consisting of comma-separated values.
This format is commonly used to exchange database between relational
database, since the format is well-suited to tabular data. You can
databases, since the format is well-suited to tabular data. You can
import CSV files using :program:`mongoimport`.

tsv
TSV
A text-based data format consisting of tab-separated values.
This format is commonly used to exchange database between relational
database, since the format is well-suited to tabular data. You can
import CSV files using :program:`mongoimport`.
databases, since the format is well-suited to tabular data. You can
import TSV files using :program:`mongoimport`.

mime
MIME
"Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions." A standard set of type
and encoding definitions used to declare the encoding and type
of data in multiple data storage, transmission, and email
Expand All @@ -360,7 +352,7 @@ Glossary
held allows concurrent readers, but no writers.

config database
One or three :program:`mongod` instances that store all the
One of three :program:`mongod` instances that store all the
metadata associated with a :term:`shard cluster`.

balancer
Expand All @@ -370,7 +362,7 @@ Glossary
the balancer for all maintenance operations on a shard cluster.

fsync
An system call that flushes all dirty, in-memory pages to disk. MongoDB
A system call that flushes all dirty, in-memory pages to disk. MongoDB
calls ``fsync()`` every 60 seconds.

chunk
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -424,9 +416,9 @@ Glossary
The conventional name for a background, non-interactive
process.

pid
A process ID. On Unix-like systems, a unique integer assigned to
each running process. You can use a process's PID to inspect
PID
A process identifier. On UNIX-like systems, a unique integer PID is assigned to
each running process. You can use a PID to inspect
a running process and send signals to it.

JSONP
Expand All @@ -435,7 +427,7 @@ Glossary

REST
An API design pattern centered around the idea of
resources and the CRUD operations that apply to them. Typically
resources and the :term:`CRUD` operations that apply to them. Typically
implemented over HTTP. MongoDB provides a simple HTTP REST interface
that allows HTTP clients to run commands against the server.

Expand All @@ -458,12 +450,12 @@ Glossary
":doc:`/core/replication`."

_id
A field containing a unique ID, typically a BSON Object ID.
If not specified, this value is automatically assigned while
A field containing a unique ID, typically a BSON :term:`ObjectId`.
If not specified, this value is automatically assigned
upon the creation of a new document. You can think of the
``_id`` as the document's :term:`primary key`.

lvm
LVM
Logical volume manager. LVM is a program that abstracts disk
images from physical devices, and provides a number of raw disk
manipulation and snapshot capabilities useful for system
Expand All @@ -477,10 +469,10 @@ Glossary
order are identical.

primary key
A record's unique, immutable identifier. In an RDBMS, the primary
A record's unique, immutable identifier. In an :term:`RDBMS`, the primary
key is typically an integer stored in each row's ``id`` field.
In MongoDB, the :term:`_id` field holds a document's primary
key. Primary keys are usually :term:`BSON` Object IDs.
key which is usually a BSON :term:`ObjectId`.

unique index
An index that enforces uniqueness for a particular field across
Expand All @@ -496,6 +488,8 @@ Glossary
operations in a database's ``system.profile`` collection. The
profiler is most often used to diagnose slow queries.

.. seealso:: ":ref:`Monitoring Database Systems <database-profiling>`."

shard key
In a sharded collection, a shard key is the field that MongoDB
uses to distribute documents among members of the
Expand All @@ -516,14 +510,14 @@ Glossary
pre-splitting
When deploying a :term:`shard cluster`, it is sometimes
necessary to expedite the initial distribution of documents
among shards, by manually dividing the collection into chunks.
among shards by manually dividing the collection into chunks.
In this case, you pre-split the chunks instead of waiting for
MongoDB to create splits.
the MongoDB :term:`balancer` to create splits.

SSD
Solid State Disk. A high-performance disk drive that uses solid
state elecronics, as opposed to rotating platters and a head, for
persistence.
state electronics for persistence, as opposed to the rotating platters
and movable read/write heads used by traditional mechanical hard drives.

resident memory
The subset of an application's memory currently stored in
Expand All @@ -535,7 +529,7 @@ Glossary
disk an in physical RAM.

pipe
A communication channel UNIX allowing independent processes
A communication channel in UNIX-like systems allowing independent processes
to send and receive data. In the UNIX shell, piped operations
allow users to direct the output of one command into the input
of another.
Expand All @@ -546,7 +540,7 @@ Glossary
support the number of hosts on the contemporary Internet.

draining
The process of removing, or "shedding" :term:`chunks <chunk>`
The process of removing or "shedding" :term:`chunks <chunk>`
from one :term:`shard` to another. Administrators must drain
shards before removing them from the cluster.

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -586,7 +580,7 @@ Glossary
nodes have :term:`eventual consistency`.

write concern
A setting on writes to MongoDB that allows the use to specify,
A setting on writes to MongoDB that allows the user to specify,
how the database will handle a write operation before
returning. This often determines how many :term:`replica set`
members should propagate a write before returning.
Expand All @@ -595,14 +589,14 @@ Glossary

priority
In the context of :term:`replica sets <replica set>`, priority
is a configurable values that help determine which nodes in
is a configurable value that helps determine which nodes in
a replica set are most likely to become :term:`primary`.

.. seealso:: ":ref:`Replica Set Node Priority
<replica-set-node-priority>`"

election
In the context of :term:`replica sets <replica set>`, election
In the context of :term:`replica sets <replica set>`, an election
is the process by which members of a replica set select
primary nodes on startup and in the event of failures.

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -637,7 +631,7 @@ Glossary

read preference
A setting on the MongoDB :doc:`drivers </applications/drivers>`
that determines where how the clients direct read
that determines how the clients direct read
operations. Read preference affects all replica sets including
shards. By default, drivers direct all reads to :term:`primary`
nodes for :term:`strict consistency`. However, you may also
Expand All @@ -653,7 +647,7 @@ Glossary
to keep replication lag as small as possible.

driver
A client implementing the communcation protocol required for talking
A client implementing the communication protocol required for talking
to a server. The MongoDB drivers provide language-idiomatic
methods for interfacing with MongoDB.

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -686,7 +680,7 @@ Glossary
clients may use to issue data-center aware operations.

recovering
A :term:`replica set` memeber status indicating that a member
A :term:`replica set` member status indicating that a member
is synchronizing or re-synchronizing its data
from the primary node. Recovering nodes are unavailable for reads.

Expand All @@ -709,21 +703,27 @@ Glossary

.. STUB ":doc:`/core/map-reduce`"

RDBMS
Relational Database Management System. A database management system based on the relational model, typically using :term:`SQL` as the query language.

SQL
Standard Query Language. SQL is the language used for all
interactions with a relational database. Provides read, write,
and data aggregation capabilities Often, ``SQL`` is often used
as a metonym for relational databases.
Structured Query Language (SQL) is a common special-purpose programming
language used for interaction with a relational database including access
control as well as inserting, updating, querying, and deleting data.
There are some similar elements in the basic SQL syntax supported by different
database vendors, but most implementations have their own dialects,
data types, and interpretations of proposed SQL standards.
Complex SQL is generally not directly portable between major :term:`RDBMS` products.
Often, ``SQL`` is often used as a metonym for relational databases.

aggregation
Any of a variety of operations that reduce and summarize large
sets of data. SQL's ``GROUP`` and MongoDB's map-reduce are two
examples of aggregation functions.

aggregation framework
An aggregation command that provides a large set of operators
resembling the MongoDB query language and that's used to perform
common aggregations.
The MongoDB aggregation framework provides a means to calculate
aggregate values without having to use :term:`map-reduce`.

.. seealso:: ":doc:`/applications/aggregation`."

Expand All @@ -749,8 +749,8 @@ Glossary
of any database.

JavaScript
An popular scripting language original designed for web browers.
The MongoDB's shell, and certain server-side functions, use
A popular scripting language original designed for web browsers.
The MongoDB shell and certain server-side functions use
a JavaScript interpreter.

idempotent
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -797,10 +797,10 @@ Glossary
TTL
Stands for "time to live," and represents an expiration time or
period for a given piece of information to remain in a cache or
other temporary storage system before deleted or aged out.
other temporary storage system before being deleted or aged out.

ObjectId
A special 12-byte :term:`BSON` type that has a high probability
of being unique when generated. The most significant digits in
an ObjectId represent the time when the Object. MongoDB uses
ObjectId values as the default values for :term:`_id` field.
ObjectId values as the default values for :term:`_id` fields.