bpo-46528: Simplify the VM's stack manipulations

Doc/library/dis.rst

@@ -348,46 +348,28 @@ The Python compiler currently generates the following bytecode instructions.
 
 .. opcode:: NOP
 
-   Do nothing code.  Used as a placeholder by the bytecode optimizer.
+   Do nothing code.  Used as a placeholder by the bytecode optimizer, and to
+   generate line tracing events.
 
 
 .. opcode:: POP_TOP
 
    Removes the top-of-stack (TOS) item.
 
 
-.. opcode:: ROT_TWO
-
-   Swaps the two top-most stack items.
-
-
-.. opcode:: ROT_THREE
-
-   Lifts second and third stack item one position up, moves top down to position
-   three.
-
-
-.. opcode:: ROT_FOUR
-
-   Lifts second, third and fourth stack items one position up, moves top down
-   to position four.
-
-   .. versionadded:: 3.8
-
-
-.. opcode:: DUP_TOP
+.. opcode:: COPY (i)
 
-   Duplicates the reference on top of the stack.
+   Push the *i*-th item to the top of the stack. The item is not removed from its
+   original location.
 
-   .. versionadded:: 3.2
+   .. versionadded:: 3.11
 
 
-.. opcode:: DUP_TOP_TWO
+.. opcode:: SWAP (i)
 
-   Duplicates the two references on top of the stack, leaving them in the
-   same order.
+   Swap TOS with the item at position *i*.
 
-   .. versionadded:: 3.2
+   .. versionadded:: 3.11
 
 
 **Unary operations**
@@ -689,8 +671,6 @@ iterations of the loop.
       success (``True``) or failure (``False``).
 
 
-All of the following opcodes use their arguments.
-
 .. opcode:: STORE_NAME (namei)
 
    Implements ``name = TOS``. *namei* is the index of *name* in the attribute
@@ -1217,22 +1197,6 @@ All of the following opcodes use their arguments.
       success (``True``) or failure (``False``).
 
 
-.. opcode:: ROT_N (count)
-
-   Lift the top *count* stack items one position up, and move TOS down to
-   position *count*.
-
-   .. versionadded:: 3.10
-
-
-.. opcode:: COPY (i)
-
-   Push the *i*-th item to the top of the stack. The item is not removed from its
-   original location.
-
-   .. versionadded:: 3.11
-
-
 .. opcode:: RESUME (where)
 
     A no-op. Performs internal tracing, debugging and optimization checks.

Doc/whatsnew/3.11.rst

@@ -411,8 +411,9 @@ CPython bytecode changes
   indicate failure with :const:`None` (where a tuple of extracted values would
   otherwise be).
 
-* Added :opcode:`COPY`, which pushes the *i*-th item to the top of the stack.
-  The item is not removed from its original location.
+* Replace several stack manipulation instructions (``DUP_TOP``, ``DUP_TOP_TWO``,
+  ``ROT_TWO``, ``ROT_THREE``, ``ROT_FOUR``, and ``ROT_N``) with new
+  :opcode:`COPY` and :opcode:`SWAP` instructions.
 
 * Add :opcode:`POP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NONE` and :opcode:`POP_JUMP_IF_NONE` opcodes to
   speed up conditional jumps.

Lib/importlib/_bootstrap_external.py

@@ -382,6 +382,8 @@ def _write_atomic(path, data, mode=0o666):
 #     Python 3.11a4 3474 (Add RESUME opcode)
 #     Python 3.11a5 3475 (Add RETURN_GENERATOR opcode)
 #     Python 3.11a5 3476 (Add ASYNC_GEN_WRAP opcode)
+#     Python 3.11a5 3477 (Replace DUP_TOP/DUP_TOP_TWO with COPY and
+#                         ROT_TWO/ROT_THREE/ROT_FOUR/ROT_N with SWAP)
 
 #     Python 3.12 will start with magic number 3500
 
@@ -395,7 +397,7 @@ def _write_atomic(path, data, mode=0o666):
 # Whenever MAGIC_NUMBER is changed, the ranges in the magic_values array
 # in PC/launcher.c must also be updated.
 
-MAGIC_NUMBER = (3476).to_bytes(2, 'little') + b'\r\n'
+MAGIC_NUMBER = (3477).to_bytes(2, 'little') + b'\r\n'
 _RAW_MAGIC_NUMBER = int.from_bytes(MAGIC_NUMBER, 'little')  # For import.c
 
 _PYCACHE = '__pycache__'

Lib/opcode.py

@@ -55,11 +55,6 @@ def jabs_op(name, op):
 # Blank lines correspond to available opcodes
 
 def_op('POP_TOP', 1)
-def_op('ROT_TWO', 2)
-def_op('ROT_THREE', 3)
-def_op('DUP_TOP', 4)
-def_op('DUP_TOP_TWO', 5)
-def_op('ROT_FOUR', 6)
 
 def_op('NOP', 9)
 def_op('UNARY_POSITIVE', 10)
@@ -116,7 +111,7 @@ def jabs_op(name, op):
 name_op('DELETE_ATTR', 96)      # ""
 name_op('STORE_GLOBAL', 97)     # ""
 name_op('DELETE_GLOBAL', 98)    # ""
-def_op('ROT_N', 99)
+def_op('SWAP', 99)
 def_op('LOAD_CONST', 100)       # Index in const list
 hasconst.append(100)
 name_op('LOAD_NAME', 101)       # Index in name list

Lib/test/test__opcode.py

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ class OpcodeTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_stack_effect(self):
         self.assertEqual(stack_effect(dis.opmap['POP_TOP']), -1)
-        self.assertEqual(stack_effect(dis.opmap['DUP_TOP_TWO']), 2)
         self.assertEqual(stack_effect(dis.opmap['BUILD_SLICE'], 0), -1)
         self.assertEqual(stack_effect(dis.opmap['BUILD_SLICE'], 1), -1)
         self.assertEqual(stack_effect(dis.opmap['BUILD_SLICE'], 3), -2)

Lib/test/test_dis.py

@@ -1195,8 +1195,8 @@ def _prepare_test_cases():
   Instruction(opname='CALL_NO_KW', opcode=169, arg=1, argval=1, argrepr='', offset=156, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False, positions=None),
   Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=1, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=158, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False, positions=None),
   Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=100, arg=0, argval=None, argrepr='None', offset=160, starts_line=25, is_jump_target=False, positions=None),
-  Instruction(opname='DUP_TOP', opcode=4, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=162, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False, positions=None),
-  Instruction(opname='DUP_TOP', opcode=4, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=164, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False, positions=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=100, arg=0, argval=None, argrepr='None', offset=162, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False, positions=None),
+  Instruction(opname='LOAD_CONST', opcode=100, arg=0, argval=None, argrepr='None', offset=164, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False, positions=None),
   Instruction(opname='CALL_NO_KW', opcode=169, arg=3, argval=3, argrepr='', offset=166, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False, positions=None),
   Instruction(opname='POP_TOP', opcode=1, arg=None, argval=None, argrepr='', offset=168, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False, positions=None),
   Instruction(opname='JUMP_FORWARD', opcode=110, arg=25, argval=222, argrepr='to 222', offset=170, starts_line=None, is_jump_target=False, positions=None),

Lib/test/test_peepholer.py

@@ -119,8 +119,8 @@ def f():
     def test_pack_unpack(self):
         for line, elem in (
             ('a, = a,', 'LOAD_CONST',),
-            ('a, b = a, b', 'ROT_TWO',),
-            ('a, b, c = a, b, c', 'ROT_THREE',),
+            ('a, b = a, b', 'SWAP',),
+            ('a, b, c = a, b, c', 'SWAP',),
             ):
             with self.subTest(line=line):
                 code = compile(line,'','single')

Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2022-01-25-17-40-07.bpo-46528.2Qmni9.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Replace several stack manipulation instructions (``DUP_TOP``,
+``DUP_TOP_TWO``, ``ROT_TWO``, ``ROT_THREE``, ``ROT_FOUR``, and ``ROT_N``)
+with new :opcode:`COPY` and :opcode:`SWAP` instructions.