Allow running cargo dev lint on a package directory

[Alexendoo]

Allows you run the local clippy in a specified directory, e.g. allowing

# Lint a ui-cargo test
cargo dev lint tests/ui-cargo/wildcard_dependencies/fail

# Lint some other project
cargo dev lint ~/my-project

The target directory is set to a tempdir which isn't ideal for medium/large projects as it would be compiled from scratch. This is to avoid cached clippy messages where you cargo dev lint dir, change something in clippy, and run cargo dev lint dir again

changelog: Dev: cargo dev lint can now be run on a package directory

[rust-highfive]

r? @giraffate

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[giraffate]

It looks good, but I'm unfamiliar with this code, so can anyone do another review for this?
@rust-lang/clippy

[flip1995]

LGTM. The tempfile doesn't seem to increase the time this takes to build on CI, so adding this should be fine and don't lead to increased build times. They were just reduced in #8605 and I don't want to increase them again.

@bors r=flip1995,giraffate

[bors]

📌 Commit 9a02386 has been approved by flip1995,giraffate

[bors]

⌛ Testing commit 9a02386 with merge 01ea624...

[bors]

☀️ Test successful - checks-action_dev_test, checks-action_remark_test, checks-action_test
Approved by: flip1995,giraffate
Pushing 01ea624 to master...