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[step-security-bot]

Please find StepSecurity AI-CodeWise code comments below.

Code Comments

testfiles/secureworkflow/output/nopin.yml

• [High]Provide a description for the egress-policy
  The egress-policy is not sufficiently descriptive. Change:
  egress-policy: audit
  to:
  egress-policy: audit all outbound network calls
• [Low]Use a more specific version tag when using a GitHub action
  Using a non-specific version tag in a GitHub action makes the build susceptible to breaking changes if the action is modified in the future. Change:
  uses: step-security/harden-runner@v2
  to:
  uses: step-security/[email protected]

workflow-templates/scorecards.yml

• [High]Update dependencies on a verified repository
  The 'uses' field references an external dependency from an unspecified repository. It is recommended to only use verified dependencies from trustworthy sources, like those that are provided by the open-source community and are managed through their own libraries. Change the 'uses' field to point to a verified dependency repository, possibly one that is hosted on an open-source community like GitHub or npm.
• [Medium]Avoid using specific commit refs for dependencies
  The 'uses' field references a specific commit ref of the 'ossf/scorecard-action' library instead of a tagged release. This makes it possible to have unintended consequences for the overall operation of the system like security vulnerabilities resulting from using an outdated, untested or unsupported version of a library. Replace the specific commit ref with a tagged release version that is confirmed to be secure and up-to-date.
• [Medium]Enable permission for writing credentials
  The configuration explicitly disables writing credentials, which can be necessary for the build and deployment processes in the future. Enable permission for writing credentials by changing 'persist-credentials: false' to 'persist-credentials: true' in the configuration.

remediation/workflow/hardenrunner/addaction.go

• [High]Avoid using hardcoded sensitive strings in code
  The string 'step-security/harden-runner' is hardcoded in the code. This is a security concern as an attacker who can access the code can easily identify the sensitive resource path. It is recommended to store such sensitive strings in a configuration file or environment variables. Create a configuration file or environment variable to store the sensitive string. Replace the hardcoded string with the value from the configuration file or environment variables.
• [Medium]Use constant time comparison for sensitive data
  The '==' operator is used to compare strings, which is not a constant time comparison method. This can lead to timing attacks as an attacker can use the timing information to extract sensitive data. It is recommended to use constant time comparison functions like crypto/subtle.ConstantTimeCompare to compare sensitive data. Replace the '==' operator with a constant time comparison function like crypto/subtle.ConstantTimeCompare.
• [Medium]Conduct Compiler Security Reviews
  Even though the code is written with the correct security principles, the source code contains sensitive data, which is only obfuscated sub-optimally. Compilers may optimize code and introduce security vulnerabilities. It is recommended to conduct compiler security reviews to identify and eliminate any such vulnerabilities. Conduct Compiler Security Reviews for the relevant code to identify and eliminate vulnerabilities. If sensitive data must be included, it must be obfuscated using an appropriate algorithm.
• [Medium]Enforce Strict Arithmetic Operations
  The '==' operator is used to compare two constant values. This implies that arithmetic operations in the Code can be imprecise leading to errors in the system. It is recommended to enforce strict arithmetic operations to avoid errors in the system. Instead of using the '==' operator for comparison, use strict arithmetic operations to avoid errors in the system.
• [Low]Avoid Single Line If/Else statements
  Single line if/else statements can lead to confusion and make the Code less maintainable. A single line if/else can also lead to readability concerns as neither CodeBlock encompassing the If statement nor the Else statement is specified. It is recommended to avoid using Single Line If/else statements where possible. Rewrite Single Line If/Else statements to a multiline statement to improve the readability and maintainability of the code.

testfiles/addaction/output/2jobs.yml

• [High]Use unique names for each job
  There are two jobs with the same name 'list-directory'. This can cause confusion and possible errors in the future. Rename one of the jobs to a unique name.
• [Medium]Use descriptive step names
  Steps should be named with a clear and descriptive action to make the workflow easier to follow. Replace 'Harden Runner' with 'Harden the runner (Audit all outbound calls)'
• [Low]Add comments to describe job purpose
  Adding comments to describe the purpose of each job can help future maintainers understand the purpose of the step. Add a comment on each job to describe its purpose.

testfiles/addaction/output/action-issues.yml

• [High]Follow the Principle of Least Privilege and minimize the runner permissions
  The current runner configuration applies a liberal outbound network egress-control policy. This may increase the attack surface of the runner instance. Limit the permissions of the runner by making use of a firewall, VPC, or network security group to restrict outbound egress traffic. In addition, audit the calls and enforce policies for alerting on any suspicious activity.
• [Medium]Enforce a security policy on the runner
  There is no security policy enforced at the runner level. This may allow malicious actors to exploit the runner's vulnerabilities and elevate privileges on the host. Enforce security policies on both the runner and the host level to identify potential vulnerabilities, reduce the attack surface and provide security measures to prevent exploits. One way to achieve this is by embedding security checks as part of your CI/CD pipeline.
• [Medium]Ensure Up-to-date Runners
  The runner being used may have vulnerabilities or outdated software, which can allow for exploits or security gaps in the future. Ensure that the runner being used is updated regularly, security patches are up-to-date and any open-source dependencies are also patched or updated. Use automated tools which conduct vulnerability scanning of runners for an early indication of the vulnerabilities that need attention.

testfiles/addaction/output/alreadypresent.yml

• [High]Use a specific version for the action being used or lock version range down to known working versions
  The action 'step-security/harden-runner@v2' is being used without any version constraint. This can break the reliability of the pipeline if the underlying action changes. Use a specific version to lock the action to a known working version or define a valid version range that works with the current workflow. For example, if v2.0.0 is a known working version then replace 'step-security/harden-runner@v2' with 'step-security/[email protected]'
• [Low]Use meaningful names for all pipeline steps
  The step 'Harden the runner (Audit all outbound calls)' should be renamed to something more specific and meaningful. Use a more meaningful and descriptive name for the step such as 'Step to audit oubound network calls'

testfiles/addworkflow/expected-scorecards.yml

• [High]Do not use outdated dependencies
  The code is currently using an outdated version of ossf/scorecard-action. There may be critical security vulnerabilities present in the outdated dependencies. Update the version of ossf/scorecard-action used to the most recent release version.
• [Medium]Pin dependencies to specific versions
  The code is not specifying exact versions of its dependencies. This can lead to unexpected behavior and security vulnerabilities if dependent packages change without warning. Specify the exact versions of all dependencies used in the codebase.
• [Low]Use HTTPS instead of HTTP for downloading dependencies
  The code is currently using HTTP instead of HTTPS to download dependencies. This can potentially allow for MITM attacks on these downloads. Change the URLs of dependencies to use HTTPS where possible.

testfiles/secureworkflow/output/allscenarios.yml

• [High]Audit all outbound network calls
  Audit all outbound network calls made by the runner to ensure that no suspicious traffic or data exfiltration is taking place. Replace the egress-policy parameter value with "audit-all"
• [High]Use a trusted repository for the Harden Runner action
  Use a trusted repository and version for the Harden Runner action to avoid any security-related issues caused by using an untrusted or outdated version. Replace the uses parameter value with a trusted repository and version of the Harden Runner action.
• [High]Remove hardcoded sensitive information
  Hardcoding sensitive information such as credentials in the code is a serious security risk as they could be exposed in case of a security breach. It should be avoided whenever possible. Use an encrypted secrets store or environment variable to store and retrieve sensitive information instead of hardcoding them in the code.
• [Medium]Enable two-factor authentication for the GitHub account used by the runner
  Using two-factor authentication (2FA) for the GitHub account used by the runner adds an extra layer of security by requiring a security code in addition to the password. Enable two-factor authentication for the GitHub account used by the runner.
• [Medium]Restrict network access for the runner
  Restricting network access for runners can limit the ability of attackers to exploit vulnerabilities or communicate with external systems if the runner is compromised. Restrict or filter network traffic for the runner, for example, by using a separate network segment or a VPN. Or, remove unnecessary network access if it is not needed for the runner to function.
• [Low]Use HTTPS instead of HTTP for network requests
  Using HTTPS instead of HTTP to make network requests can prevent sensitive data from being intercepted or modified in transit. Change the URLs to use HTTPS instead of HTTP in the code.
• [Low]Increase the verbosity of logging
  Increasing the verbosity of logging can help with troubleshooting and identifying potential security issues by providing more information about the runner's activity. Change the logging level to include more verbose messages in the code.

testfiles/secureworkflow/output/missingaction.yml

• [High]Explicit Versioning of the External Dependency used for Hardening
  The External dependency used to harden the runner is specified using a non-explicit commit id. The remediation for this issue is that use a hard-coded version or tag for the external dependency which is used for hardening. This will ensure that the same version is always used to start the runner, ensuring the same hardening is always applied.
• [Medium]Egress Policies with Exception Monitoring
  The Outbound calls from the runner is audited for compliance but there is no provision for monitoring of exception or failures. The remediation for this issue is to modify the egress policy to log exceptions and failures to a centralized system for monitoring

testfiles/secureworkflow/output/noperms.yml

• [High]Avoid using wildcard in image or tag versions
  Using wildcards in image or tag versions leads to uncertainties and may cause uncontrolled deployment of code. The exact version should always be used to avoid any potential security vulnerabilities. Replace the wildcard symbol in the image or tag version with a specific version number or sha256 checksum of the image to ensure the exact version is always used.
• [High]Log all outbound network calls
  Logging all outbound network calls from the runner can help in debugging and identifying any suspicious activity. Update the egress-policy input parameter to 'audit-and-log' from 'audit' in the step that hardens the runner.
• [Medium]Avoid running the runner as root
  Running a runner as root increases the attack surface and vulnerabilities. Add a 'user: 1000' line to the workflow YAML file or the runner configuration file to change the user which runs the runner to a regular user instead of root.
• [Medium]Use a private container registry instead of public ones
  Public container registries are not always secure and may expose secrets or other sensitive information. Configure a private container registry to store and deploy images instead of using a public one.
• [Medium]Use environment variables to store secrets
  Hardcoding secrets in the pipeline YAML files or in the Docker images increases the risk of exposing these secrets. Use environment variables to store secrets, and pass these variables to the pipeline jobs using pipeline-specific secrets or other secure methods.
• [Low]Include a License in the repository
  Including a license in the repository clarifies the legal terms under which the code is shared. Add a LICENSE file to the root of the repository containing the appropriate legal text.
• [Low]Explicitly define job names
  Explicitly defining job names increases the readability and maintainability of the pipeline YAML files. Replace the name fields in the pipeline YAML files with descriptive job names that reflect the actual work being done.

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 66.00%. Comparing base (84135ad) to head (1f2d537).
Report is 3 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #2504   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   66.00%   66.00%           
=======================================
  Files          17       17           
  Lines        1812     1812           
=======================================
  Hits         1196     1196           
  Misses        525      525           
  Partials       91       91           

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