Reduce number of read calls when not asking for progress reporting.

Benchmarks/Benchmarks/DataIO/BenchmarkDataIO.swift

@@ -103,6 +103,19 @@ let benchmarks = {
         blackHole(try Data(contentsOf: readMe))
     }
 
+    Benchmark("read-hugeFile",
+              configuration: .init(
+                setup: {
+                    try! generateTestData(count: 1 << 30).write(to: readMe)
+                },
+                teardown: {
+                    cleanup(at: readMe)
+                }
+              )
+    ) { benchmark in
+        blackHole(try Data(contentsOf: readMe))
+    }
+
     // MARK: base64
 
     Benchmark("base64-encode", configuration: .init(scalingFactor: .kilo)) { benchmark in

Sources/FoundationEssentials/Data/Data+Reading.swift

@@ -312,7 +312,6 @@ internal func readBytesFromFile(path inPath: PathOrURL, reportProgress: Bool, ma
 
     let fileSize = min(Int(clamping: filestat.st_size), maxLength ?? Int.max)
     let fileType = filestat.st_mode & S_IFMT
-    let preferredChunkSize = filestat.st_blksize
 #if !NO_FILESYSTEM
     let shouldMap = shouldMapFileDescriptor(fd, path: inPath, options: options)
 #else
@@ -370,7 +369,7 @@ internal func readBytesFromFile(path inPath: PathOrURL, reportProgress: Bool, ma
 
         localProgress?.becomeCurrent(withPendingUnitCount: Int64(fileSize))
         do {
-            let length = try readBytesFromFileDescriptor(fd, path: inPath, buffer: bytes, length: fileSize, chunkSize: size_t(preferredChunkSize), reportProgress: reportProgress)
+            let length = try readBytesFromFileDescriptor(fd, path: inPath, buffer: bytes, length: fileSize, reportProgress: reportProgress)
             localProgress?.resignCurrent()
 
             result = ReadBytesResult(bytes: bytes, length: length, deallocator: .free)
@@ -389,17 +388,24 @@ internal func readBytesFromFile(path inPath: PathOrURL, reportProgress: Bool, ma
 #endif
 }
 
-// Takes an `Int` size and returns an `Int` to match `Data`'s count. If we are going to read more than Int.max, throws - because we won't be able to store it in `Data`.
-private func readBytesFromFileDescriptor(_ fd: Int32, path: PathOrURL, buffer inBuffer: UnsafeMutableRawPointer, length: Int, chunkSize: size_t, reportProgress: Bool) throws -> Int {
-
+/// Read data from a file descriptor.
+/// Takes an `Int` size and returns an `Int` to match `Data`'s count. If we are going to read more than Int.max, throws - because we won't be able to store it in `Data`.
+/// If `readUntilLength` is `false`, then we will end the read if we receive less than `length` bytes. This can be used to read from something like a socket, where the `length` simply represents the maximum size you can read at once.
+private func readBytesFromFileDescriptor(_ fd: Int32, path: PathOrURL, buffer inBuffer: UnsafeMutableRawPointer, length: Int, readUntilLength: Bool = true, reportProgress: Bool) throws -> Int {
     var buffer = inBuffer
     // If chunkSize (8-byte value) is more than blksize_t.max (4 byte value), then use the 4 byte max and chunk
-    var preferredChunkSize = chunkSize
-    let localProgress = (reportProgress && Progress.current() != nil) ? Progress(totalUnitCount: Int64(length)) : nil
 
-    if localProgress != nil {
-        // To report progress, we have to try reading in smaller chunks than the whole file. If we have a readingAttributes struct, we already know it. Otherwise, get one that makes sense for this destination.
-        preferredChunkSize = chunkSize
+    let preferredChunkSize: size_t
+    let localProgress: Progress?
+
+    if Progress.current() != nil && reportProgress {
+        localProgress = Progress(totalUnitCount: Int64(length))
+        // To report progress, we have to try reading in smaller chunks than the whole file. Aim for about 1% increments.
+        preferredChunkSize = max(length / 100, 1024 * 4)
+    } else {
+        localProgress = nil
+        // Get it all in one go, if possible
+        preferredChunkSize = length
     }
 
     var numBytesRemaining = length
@@ -408,12 +414,12 @@ private func readBytesFromFileDescriptor(_ fd: Int32, path: PathOrURL, buffer in
             throw CocoaError(.userCancelled)
         }
 
-        // We will only request a max of Int32.max bytes
-        var numBytesRequested = CUnsignedInt(clamping: preferredChunkSize)
+        // We will only request a max of Int32.max bytes. Some platforms will return an error over that amount.
+        var numBytesRequested = CUnsignedInt(clamping: min(preferredChunkSize, Int(CInt.max)))
 
         // Furthermore, don't request more than the number of bytes remaining
         if numBytesRequested > numBytesRemaining {
-            numBytesRequested = CUnsignedInt(clamping: numBytesRemaining)
+            numBytesRequested = CUnsignedInt(clamping: min(numBytesRemaining, Int(CInt.max)))
         }
 
         var numBytesRead: CInt
@@ -431,18 +437,24 @@ private func readBytesFromFileDescriptor(_ fd: Int32, path: PathOrURL, buffer in
         } while numBytesRead < 0 && errno == EINTR
 
         if numBytesRead < 0 {
+            // The read failed
             let errNum = errno
             logFileIOErrno(errNum, at: "read")
-            // The read failed
             throw CocoaError.errorWithFilePath(path, errno: errNum, reading: true)
         } else if numBytesRead == 0 {
             // Getting zero here is weird, since it may imply unexpected end of file... If we do, return the number of bytes read so far (which is compatible with the way read() would work with just one call).
             break
         } else {
+            // Partial read
             numBytesRemaining -= Int(clamping: numBytesRead)
+            if numBytesRemaining < 0 {
+                // Just in case; we do not want to have a negative amount of bytes remaining. We will just assume that is the end.
+                numBytesRemaining = 0
+            }
             localProgress?.completedUnitCount = Int64(length - numBytesRemaining)
-            // Anytime we read less than actually requested, stop, since the length is considered "max" for socket calls
-            if numBytesRead < numBytesRequested {
+
+            // The `readUntilLength` argument controls if we should end early when `read` returns less than the amount requested, or if we should continue to loop until we have reached `length` bytes.
+            if !readUntilLength && numBytesRead < numBytesRequested {
                 break
             }
 

Sources/FoundationEssentials/Data/Data+Writing.swift

@@ -43,43 +43,20 @@ private func openFileDescriptorProtected(path: UnsafePointer<CChar>, flags: Int3
 #endif
 }
 
-private func preferredChunkSizeForFileDescriptor(_ fd: Int32) -> Int? {
-#if canImport(Darwin)
-    var preferredChunkSize = -1
-    var fsinfo = statfs()
-    var fileinfo = stat()
-    if fstatfs(fd, &fsinfo) != -1 {
-        if fstat(fd, &fileinfo) != -1 {
-            preferredChunkSize = Int(fileinfo.st_blksize)
-        } else {
-            logFileIOErrno(errno, at: "fstat")
-        }
-    } else {
-        preferredChunkSize = Int(fsinfo.f_iosize)
-    }
-
-    // Make sure we don't return something completely bone-headed, like zero.
-    if (preferredChunkSize <= 0) {
-        return nil
-    }
-
-    return preferredChunkSize
-#else
-    return nil
-#endif
-}
-
 private func writeToFileDescriptorWithProgress(_ fd: Int32, buffer: UnsafeRawBufferPointer, reportProgress: Bool) throws -> Int {
     // Fetch this once
     let length = buffer.count
-    var preferredChunkSize = length
-    let localProgress = (reportProgress && Progress.current() != nil) ? Progress(totalUnitCount: Int64(preferredChunkSize)) : nil
 
-    if localProgress != nil {
-        // To report progress, we have to try writing in smaller chunks than the whole file. Get one that makes sense for this destination.
-        if let smarterChunkSize = preferredChunkSizeForFileDescriptor(fd) {
-            preferredChunkSize = smarterChunkSize
-        }
+    let preferredChunkSize: Int
+    let localProgress: Progress?
+    if reportProgress && Progress.current() != nil {
+        // To report progress, we have to try writing in smaller chunks than the whole file.
+        // Aim for about 1% increments in progress updates.
+        preferredChunkSize = max(length / 100, 1024 * 4)
+        localProgress = Progress(totalUnitCount: Int64(length))
+    } else {
+        preferredChunkSize = length
+        localProgress = nil
     }
 
     var nextRange = buffer.startIndex..<buffer.startIndex.advanced(by: length)
@@ -118,6 +95,10 @@ private func writeToFileDescriptorWithProgress(_ fd: Int32, buffer: UnsafeRawBuf
                 break
             } else {
                 numBytesRemaining -= Int(numBytesWritten)
+                if numBytesRemaining < 0 {
+                    // Just in case, do not allow a negative number of bytes remaining
+                    numBytesRemaining = 0
+                }
                 if let localProgress {
                     localProgress.completedUnitCount = Int64(length - numBytesRemaining)
                 }

Tests/FoundationEssentialsTests/DataIOTests.swift

@@ -33,10 +33,7 @@ class DataIOTests : XCTestCase {
         URL(fileURLWithPath: NSTemporaryDirectory(), isDirectory: true).appendingPathComponent("testfile-\(UUID().uuidString)")
     }
 
-    func generateTestData() -> Data {
-        // 16 MB file, big enough to trigger things like chunking
-        let count = 16_777_216
-
+    func generateTestData(count: Int = 16_777_216) -> Data {
         let memory = malloc(count)!
         let ptr = memory.bindMemory(to: UInt8.self, capacity: count)
 
@@ -209,10 +206,20 @@ class DataIOTests : XCTestCase {
         let size = 0x80010000
         let url = testURL()
 
-        let data = Data(count: size)
+        let data = generateTestData(count: size)
 
         try data.write(to: url)
+        let read = try! Data(contentsOf: url)
+
+        // No need to compare the contents, but do compare the size
+        XCTAssertEqual(data.count, read.count)
 
+#if FOUNDATION_FRAMEWORK
+        // Try the NSData path
+        let readNS = try! NSData(contentsOf: url) as Data
+        XCTAssertEqual(data.count, readNS.count)
+#endif
+
         cleanup(at: url)
 #endif
     }