build: add rule to warn for undecorated base classes

[devversion]

With Ivy, directives or components no longer properly inherit
a constructor from a parent base class which is undecorated.

See more details here: FW-1238

In order to avoid dependency injection issues with Ivy, a new
custom TSLint rule reports a failure when a directive/component
uses dependency injection in a way that breaks with Ivy.

Related to #15975

[crisbeto]

LGTM

[jelbourn]

LGTM

[jelbourn]

Needs #15975 to go in first

[jelbourn]

@devversion does this need to be rebased to fix the lint error?

[devversion]

@jelbourn Yes this needs a rebase. I can't do it right now, but merging this like that should technically work too.

[ngbot]

I see that you just added the pr: merge ready label, but the following checks are still failing:
     status "ci/circleci: lint" is failing

If you want your PR to be merged, it has to pass all the CI checks.

If you can't get the PR to a green state due to flakes or broken master, please try rebasing to master and/or restarting the CI job. If that fails and you believe that the issue is not due to your change, please contact the caretaker and ask for help.

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