[5.10][stdlib] Define OS version numbers for SwiftStdlib 5.10

[lorentey]

(cherry picked from #71297)

Explanation: Routine prerelease task that publicly defines the OS versions that we expect will ship the Swift 5.10 Standard Library. These are used for availability declarations & conditions. (5.10 does not currently have any new declarations with SwiftStdlib 5.10, but there are two behavioral tests for the stdlib that are conditional on 5.10 availability.)
Scope: CMake & lit compiler invocations (textual change to an existing command-line argument), two test cases in the Stdlib test suite.
Issue: n.a.
Risk: Minimal. The SwiftStdlib 5.10 macro is only used in two tests; setting the versions will have the side effect of temporarily disabling those tests on ci.swift.org until executors get updated to matching OS versions.
Testing: Routine PR testing
Reviewer: @Azoy @tshortli @stephentyrone

[lorentey]

@swift-ci test

[lorentey]

Unrelated-looking failure on macOS.

[1400/1400] Testing WorkspaceTests.WorkspaceTests/testSkipUpdate
Test Suite 'Selected tests' started at 2024-02-01 07:08:29.245.Test Suite 'SwiftPMPackageTests.xctest' started at 2024-02-01 07:08:29.245.Test Suite 'BuildSystemDelegateTests' started at 2024-02-01 07:08:29.246.Test Case '-[BuildTests.BuildSystemDelegateTests testFilterNonFatalCodesignMessages]' started./Users/ec2-user/jenkins/workspace/swift-PR-macos/branch-release/5.10/swiftpm/Sources/SPMTestSupport/misc.swift:144: error: -[BuildTests.BuildSystemDelegateTests testFilterNonFatalCodesignMessages] : failed: caught error: "terminated(1): /Users/ec2-user/jenkins/workspace/swift-PR-macos/branch-release/5.10/build/buildbot_incremental/swiftpm-macosx-x86_64/x86_64-apple-macosx/release/swift-build --package-path /var/folders/bb/hcrjxg1s0b96pfst0ymhmp240000gn/T/Miscellaneous_TestableExe.qe0xtp/Miscellaneous_TestableExe --configuration debug output:
    error: 'miscellaneous_testableexe': Invalid manifest (compiled with: ["/Users/ec2-user/jenkins/workspace/swift-PR-macos/branch-release/5.10/build/buildbot_incremental/toolchain-macosx-x86_64/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/swiftc", "-vfsoverlay", "/var/folders/bb/hcrjxg1s0b96pfst0ymhmp240000gn/T/TemporaryDirectory.t0cGQc/vfs.yaml", "-L", "/Users/ec2-user/jenkins/workspace/swift-PR-macos/branch-release/5.10/build/buildbot_incremental/swiftpm-macosx-x86_64/x86_64-apple-macosx/lib/swift/pm/ManifestAPI", "-lPackageDescription", "-Xlinker", "-rpath", "-Xlinker", "/Users/ec2-user/jenkins/workspace/swift-PR-macos/branch-release/5.10/build/buildbot_incremental/swiftpm-macosx-x86_64/x86_64-apple-macosx/lib/swift/pm/ManifestAPI", "-target", "x86_64-apple-macosx13.0", "-sdk", "/Applications/Xcode-beta.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX14.2.sdk", "-F", "/Applications/Xcode-beta.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/Library/Frameworks", "-I", "/Applications/Xcode-beta.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/usr/lib", "-L", "/Applications/Xcode-beta.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/usr/lib", "-swift-version", "5", "-I", "/Users/ec2-user/jenkins/workspace/swift-PR-macos/branch-release/5.10/build/buildbot_incremental/swiftpm-macosx-x86_64/x86_64-apple-macosx/lib/swift/pm/ManifestAPI", "-sdk", "/Applications/Xcode-beta.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX14.2.sdk", "-package-description-version", "5.5.0", "-module-cache-path", "/Users/ec2-user/jenkins/workspace/swift-PR-macos/branch-release/5.10/build/buildbot_incremental/swiftpm-macosx-x86_64/x86_64-apple-macosx/release", "/private/var/folders/bb/hcrjxg1s0b96pfst0ymhmp240000gn/T/Miscellaneous_TestableExe.qe0xtp/Miscellaneous_TestableExe/Package.swift", "-Xfrontend", "-disable-implicit-concurrency-module-import", "-Xfrontend", "-disable-implicit-string-processing-module-import", "-o", "/var/folders/bb/hcrjxg1s0b96pfst0ymhmp240000gn/T/TemporaryDirectory.4K8hEy/miscellaneous_testableexe-manifest"])
    <unknown>:0: error: cannot open file '/private/var/folders/bb/hcrjxg1s0b96pfst0ymhmp240000gn/T/spm-tests-testInitPackageLibrary.fJYP3B/Foo/.build/x86_64-apple-macosx/debug/Foo.build/module.modulemap' (No such file or directory)
    /private/var/folders/bb/hcrjxg1s0b96pfst0ymhmp240000gn/T/Miscellaneous_TestableExe.qe0xtp/Miscellaneous_TestableExe/Package.swift:1:8: error: failed to build module 'Foundation'; this SDK is not supported by the compiler (the SDK is built with 'Apple Swift version 5.9.2 (swiftlang-5.9.2.2.11 clang-1500.1.0.2.2)', while this compiler is 'Apple Swift version 5.10-dev (LLVM 551823b7474ea05, Swift 4068000d48c5776)'). Please select a toolchain which matches the SDK.
    import Foundation
           ^
    "Test Case '-[BuildTests.BuildSystemDelegateTests testFilterNonFatalCodesignMessages]' failed (35.233 seconds).Test Suite 'BuildSystemDelegateTests' failed at 2024-02-01 07:09:04.479.
	 Executed 1 test, with 1 failure (1 unexpected) in 35.233 (35.233) secondsTest Suite 'SwiftPMPackageTests.xctest' failed at 2024-02-01 07:09:04.479.
	 Executed 1 test, with 1 failure (1 unexpected) in 35.233 (35.234) secondsTest Suite 'Selected tests' failed at 2024-02-01 07:09:04.479.
	 Executed 1 test, with 1 failure (1 unexpected) in 35.233 (35.235) seconds**** FAILURE EXECUTING SUBPROCESS ****
output: 
stderr: error: 'miscellaneous_testableexe': Invalid manifest (compiled with: ["/Users/ec2-user/jenkins/workspace/swift-PR-macos/branch-release/5.10/build/buildbot_incremental/toolchain-macosx-x86_64/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/swiftc", "-vfsoverlay", "/var/folders/bb/hcrjxg1s0b96pfst0ymhmp240000gn/T/TemporaryDirectory.t0cGQc/vfs.yaml", "-L", "/Users/ec2-user/jenkins/workspace/swift-PR-macos/branch-release/5.10/build/buildbot_incremental/swiftpm-macosx-x86_64/x86_64-apple-macosx/lib/swift/pm/ManifestAPI", "-lPackageDescription", "-Xlinker", "-rpath", "-Xlinker", "/Users/ec2-user/jenkins/workspace/swift-PR-macos/branch-release/5.10/build/buildbot_incremental/swiftpm-macosx-x86_64/x86_64-apple-macosx/lib/swift/pm/ManifestAPI", "-target", "x86_64-apple-macosx13.0", "-sdk", "/Applications/Xcode-beta.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX14.2.sdk", "-F", "/Applications/Xcode-beta.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/Library/Frameworks", "-I", "/Applications/Xcode-beta.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/usr/lib", "-L", "/Applications/Xcode-beta.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/usr/lib", "-swift-version", "5", "-I", "/Users/ec2-user/jenkins/workspace/swift-PR-macos/branch-release/5.10/build/buildbot_incremental/swiftpm-macosx-x86_64/x86_64-apple-macosx/lib/swift/pm/ManifestAPI", "-sdk", "/Applications/Xcode-beta.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX14.2.sdk", "-package-description-version", "5.5.0", "-module-cache-path", "/Users/ec2-user/jenkins/workspace/swift-PR-macos/branch-release/5.10/build/buildbot_incremental/swiftpm-macosx-x86_64/x86_64-apple-macosx/release", "/private/var/folders/bb/hcrjxg1s0b96pfst0ymhmp240000gn/T/Miscellaneous_TestableExe.qe0xtp/Miscellaneous_TestableExe/Package.swift", "-Xfrontend", "-disable-implicit-concurrency-module-import", "-Xfrontend", "-disable-implicit-string-processing-module-import", "-o", "/var/folders/bb/hcrjxg1s0b96pfst0ymhmp240000gn/T/TemporaryDirectory.4K8hEy/miscellaneous_testableexe-manifest"])
<unknown>:0: error: cannot open file '/private/var/folders/bb/hcrjxg1s0b96pfst0ymhmp240000gn/T/spm-tests-testInitPackageLibrary.fJYP3B/Foo/.build/x86_64-apple-macosx/debug/Foo.build/module.modulemap' (No such file or directory)
/private/var/folders/bb/hcrjxg1s0b96pfst0ymhmp240000gn/T/Miscellaneous_TestableExe.qe0xtp/Miscellaneous_TestableExe/Package.swift:1:8: error: failed to build module 'Foundation'; this SDK is not supported by the compiler (the SDK is built with 'Apple Swift version 5.9.2 (swiftlang-5.9.2.2.11 clang-1500.1.0.2.2)', while this compiler is 'Apple Swift version 5.10-dev (LLVM 551823b7474ea05, Swift 4068000d48c5776)'). Please select a toolchain which matches the SDK.
import Foundation
       ^

[lorentey]

@swift-ci test